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POWER STORAGE DETAILS

POWER STORAGE DETAILS Block diagram: The voltage generated by the source (generator) is not of pure dc. This has to be rectified before storage. A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage that is initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage. Block diagram (Power supply) Working principle: The Full Wave Bridge Rectifier Full Wave Bridge Rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes connected in a closed-loop "bridge" configuration to produce the desired output. The main advantage of this a bridge circuit is that it does not require a special center-tapped transformer, thereby reducing its size and cost. The single secondary winding is connected to one side of the diode bridge network and the load to the other side as shown below. The Diode Bridge Rectifier The four diodes labeled D1 to D4 are arranged in “series pairs” with only two diodes conducting current during each ...

About Motors and its types...



An electric motor is a motor that uses electrical energy to produce mechanical
energy, usually through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors.
The reverse process, producing electrical energy from mechanical energy is accomplished by
a generator or dynamo. Traction motors used on vehicles often perform both tasks.


Electric motors can be run as generators and vice versa, although this is not always
arctic Electric motors are ubiquitous, being found in applications as diverse as industrial
fons blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives
They may be powered by direct current (for example a battery powered portable device or
motor vehicle) or by alternating current from a central electrical distribution grid.

The smallest motors may be found in an electric wristwatch. Medium-size motors of
Highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for
industrial uses. The very largest electric motors are used for the propulsion of large ships, and for
such purposes as pipeline compressors, with ratings in the millions of watts. Electric motors
may be classified by the source of electric power, by their internal construction, and by their
replication

The physical principle of production of mechanical force by the interactions of an
electric current and a magnetic field was known as early as 1821. Electric motors of
Increasing efficiency was constructed throughout the 19th century, but commercial

lation of electric motors on a large scale required efficient electrical generators and
Electrical distribution networks.
y convention electric engine refers to a railroad electric locomotive, rather than an
electric motor

DC MOTORS


A DC motor is designed to run on DC electric power, Two examples of pure DC
Creator, which is (so far) a novelty.
Designs are Michael Faraday’s homopolar motor (which is uncommon), and the ball bearing

By far the most common DC motor types are the brushed and brushless types, which
Se internal and external commutation respectively to create an oscillating AC current from
He DE source-so they are not purely DC machines in a strict sense.

AC MOTORS


In 1882, Nikola Tesla discovered the rotating magnetic field, and pioneered the use of
Ary field of force to operate machines. He exploited the principle to design a unique two

Se induction motor in 1883. In 1885. Galileo Ferraris independently researched the
Concept, In 1888. Ferraris published his research in a paper to the Royal Academy of
Sciences in Turin

Tesla had suggested that the commutators from a machine could be removed and the
The device could operate on a rotary field of force. Professor Poeschel, his teacher, stated that
Would be akin to building a perpetual motion machine,

Tesla would later attain U.S. Patent 0416194 Electric Motor (December 1889),
Which resembles the motor seen in many of Tesla’s photos. This classic alternating current
The electro-magnetic motor was an induction motor.

Mikhail Osipovich Dolivo-Dobrovolsky later invented a three-phase “cage-rotor” in
His type of motor is now used for the vast majority of commercial applications
STEPPER MOTORS

Closely related in design to three-phase AC synchronous motors are stepper motors,
bere an internal rotor containing permanent magnets or a magnetically-soft rotor with
agent poles are controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A
a stepper motor may also be thought of like a cross between a DC the electric motor and a rotary
As each coil is energized in turn the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field
produced by the energized field winding, Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the
the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps" starts and then quickly stops
team one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in
sequence Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backward, and it may
change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time.

Simple stepper motor drivers entirely energize or entirely de-energize the field
things, leading the rotor to "cog" to a limited number of positions, more sophisticated
TRS can proportionally control the power to the field windings, allowing the rotors to
the position between the cog points and thereby rotate extremely smoothly

This mode of operation is often called micro stepping Computer-controlled computer-controlled stepper
motors are one of the most versatile forms of positioning systems, particularly when part of a
digital servo-controlled system.

Stepper motors can be rotated to a specific angle in discrete steps with ease
Stepper motors are used to reading/write head positioning in computer floppy diskette drives.
They were used for the same purpose in pre-gigabyte era computer disk drives, where the
Revision and speed they offered was adequate for the correct the positioning of the read/write
head of a hard disk drive.

As drive density increased, the precision and speed limitations of stepper motors
Quad them obsolete for hard drives--the precision limitation made them unusable, and the (
peed limitation made them the uncompetitive-thus new hard disk drives use voice coil-based
actuator systems. (The term "voice coil" in this the connection is historic; it refers to the
structure in a typical (cone type) loudspeaker.
This structure was used for a while to position the head. Modern drives have a
Posted coil mount; the coil swings back and forth, something like a blade of a rotating fan.
Perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force.)
Nevertheless, like a voice coil, modern actuator coil conductors (the magnet wire) move
Stepper motors were and still are often used in computer printers, optical scanners,
Astrix and inkjet printers), and the platen.
Dn digital photocopier to move the optical scanning element, the print head carriage (of dot

Likewise, many computer plotters (which since the early The 1990s have been replaced

What Large-format inkjet and laser printers) used rotary stepper motors for pen and platen
Movement; the typical alternatives here were either linear a stepper motor or servomotors with
Duplex closed-loop control systems

So-called quartz analog wristwatches contain the smallest commonplace stepping
Motors; they have one coil, draw very little power, and have a permanent magnet rotor. The
Ame kind of motor drives battery-powered quartz clocks. Some of these watches, such as
Chronograph, contain more than one stepping motor.

Stepper motors were upscaled to be used in electric vehicles under the term SRM
Switched reluctance machine).



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